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I heard some rumour that modern (post-DOS) OSes don't make use of the BIOS-functions but use own optimized functions, so you should disable shadow-RAM; other still say it should be enabled.
"Video BIOS Shadow": I heard that with modern 3D-AGP-cards enabling would slow down, so disable it.
| option | default | recommended | note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32 Bit I/O | disabled | enabled | 32 bit access to hard disk drives |
| 8/16 Bit I/O Recovery Time | varying | 1 | 1 with modern PCs |
| Above 1 MB Memory Test | ? | enabled | esp. with old PCs |
| Above 16 MB Cacheable | disabled | enabled | enabled with more than 16 MB RAM |
| Active to CMD (Trcd) | - | - | less is faster, more is safer |
| Active to Precharge (Tras) | - | - | less is faster, more is safer |
| Adaptor ROM Shadow XXXX ... | disabled | varying | enabled, if the referred memory-area is used by the BIOS of an extension card (exception: for a SCSI-BIOS you mustn't install a Shadow-RAM) |
| AGP Aperture Size | varying | quarter of RAM | the more the better (at least the amount your graphics-card owns) |
| AGP Fast Write(s) | ? | enabled | "disabled" with VIA-chipset for Athlon |
| AGP Spread Spectrum | ? | disabled | to fulfill european emission standards, the frequency is softly varied; be careful |
| AMD C1E | disabled | ? | might allow the cpu to enter C3 when all cores reach C1, but might also mean time distortion (seen judder on tv-card) |
| Assign IRQ for VGA | ? | enabled | - |
| AT-Bus Clock / ATCLK (select(ion)) | 8.33 MHz | default | speed of the ISA-bus, too much could damage the hardware |
| Bank Swizzle Mode | enabled | enabled | remaps the DRAM bank address to appear as physical address bits to maximize memory accesses on active row, and reduce page conflicts |
| (Disk Drive) Boot Sequence | A,C | C,A | "A" first if floppy-booting is required |
| Boot Up Floppy Seek | ? | disabled | enabled if floppy doesn't function otherwise |
| Boot Up System Speed | ? | high | - |
| Burst SRAM Burst Cycle | ? | 2-1-1-1 | less is faster |
| Burst Write Combining | ? | enabled | - |
| Bus Cycle | ? | ? | Bus Cycle = Cycle Frecuency / Bus Clock (?) |
| Cache Burst Read | ? | 0 WS | waitstates, less is faster |
| Cache Cycle Check | ? | fast | fast: no waitstates for cache access |
| Cache Read Hit Burst | ? | 2-1-1-1 | less is faster |
| Cache Read Wait States | ? | 2-1-1-1 | less is faster |
| Cache Timing Control | ? | fastest | - |
| Cache Write Hit Wait States | ? | 0 WS | less is faster |
| Cache Write Wait States | ? | 0 WS | less is faster |
| Cache Write Back | ? | fast | "fast" for new PCs |
| Cache Write Through | ? | fast | "slow" for old PCs (early Pentium's), that don't support Write Back |
| Cache Write Cycle | ? | 0 WS | less is faster |
| Cachable Region | ? | varying | at least the amount of your physical RAM |
| Cachable ROM Area | ? | none (?) | video- and PC-BIOS, recommended: both with old OSes (?) |
| CAS Latency Time | varying | - | less is faster |
| CPU Internal Cache | ? | enabled | why not :-) |
| CPU Level 2 Cache ECC Check | disabled | varying | "enabled" if ECC-RAM is available (more reliable, but more expensive) |
| CPU to DRAM | - | - | slow is safer |
| CPU TO PCI Write Buffer | ? | enabled | - |
| CPU-TO-PCI Write Post | ? | enabled | - |
| CPU-TO-PCI IDE Posting | ? | enabled | - |
| Delayed Transaction | ? | enabled | "disabled" with old PCs (that don't support PCI 2.1 ?); "disabled" with VIA-chipset for Athlon new guide (2003) means: enabled |
| DMA CAS Timing Delay | ? | diabled | "disabled" means no waitstates for DMA-transfer |
| DQS Training Control | skip | skip | might help with overclocking |
| DRAM Burst Length | - | - | more is faster, less is safer |
| DRAM Command Rate | - | - | "1T" is faster, "2T" is safer |
| DRAM Drive Strength | - | auto | - |
| DRAM Hidden Refresh | ? | enabled | - |
| DRAM Page Mode | ? | enabled | "disabled" with very old DRAM-modules |
| DRAM Read | ? | fast | "fast" means no waitstates |
| DRAM Read Around Write | ? | enabled | - |
| DRAM Read WS Options | ? | 0 WS | waitstates, less is faster |
| DRAM Speculative Leadoff | ? | enabled | could decrease stability |
| DRAM Speed | ? | fast | - |
| DRAM Wait States | ? | 0 WS | less is faster |
| DRAM Write | ? | no WS | Waitstates, less is faster |
| DRAM Write WS Options | ? | 0 WS | Waitstates, less is faster |
| External Cache (Memory) | ? | enabled | activates external L2-Cache |
| External Cache Feature | ? | fast | see "Cache Write Back/Through" |
| Fast Gate A20 Option | ? | enabled/chipset | equals "turbo switch", access above 1 MB, switching to protected-mode with faster chipset, "enabled" resp. "chipset" faster than "keyboard controller" |
| Fast Page Mode DRAM | ? | enabled | "disabled" with very old DRAM-modules |
| Fast Programmed I/O Modes | ? | auto | PIO-modes of the (E)IDE-interface |
| Fast Writes | ? | disabled (?) | - |
| FSB Spread Spectrum | ? | disabled | to fulfill european emission standards, the frequency is softly varied; be careful |
| Floppy Drive Seek At Boot | ? | disabled | - |
| Hidden Refresh | ? | enabled | "disabled" with old DRAM-modules |
| Host-To-PCI Wait State | ? | 1 T | busmaster-access, less is faster |
| IDE 32 Bit Transfer Mode | ? | enabled | - |
| IDE (HDD) Block Mode | ? | enabled | hard drive transfers several sectors at once, very old disks don't support it |
| IDE Data Port Post Write | ? | enabled | switches cache |
| IDE prefetch mode | ? | enabled | - |
| IDE Prim./Second. Master/Slave PIO | ? | auto | otherwise: higher is faster |
| I/O Recovery (Time Delay) | ? | disabled | "enabled" with ISA- and VLB-graphics-cards, extra waitstates for ISA-bus |
| Interleaved Memory | ? | enabled | "enabled" with exactly identical DRAM-modules |
| Internal Cache WB/WT / Feature | ? | fast | see "Cache Write Back/Through" |
| ISA Bus Clock Frequency | 8.33 MHz | default | more could destroy the DMA-controller |
| ISA I/O Wait State | ? | 1 WS | less is faster, possible problems with old ISA/VLB-cards |
| ISA Write Insert W/S | ? | disabled | possible problems with old ISA/VLB-cards |
| MA Wait State | ? | disabled / fast | - |
| (Memory) Parity (Error) Check | ? | disabled | "enabled" in case of suspicion on bad RAM-module if supported |
| Memory Test Tick Sound | ? | disabled | who needs this :-) |
| Multi Sector Transfers | ? | enabled / 32 | see "IDE (HDD) Block Mode" |
| (Onboard) Parallel (Port) Mode | ? | ECP/EPP | SPP for old devices |
| Passive Release | ? | enabled | "disabled" with old PCs |
| PCI 2.1 Support | ? | enabled | "disabled" with old PCs |
| PCI Burst | ? | enabled | switches off internal setting |
| PCI Concurrency | ? | enabled | - |
| PCI IRQ Activated by | ? | level | some old cards could work only with "edge" |
| PCI Master Read Caching | ? | - | "disabled" with VIA-chipset for Athlon |
| PCI Parity Checking | disabled | (?) | I experienced problems (lock-ups) with this enabled, I read in the web about problems with some high-end servers |
| PCI-Latency Timer | ? | default | soundcard: less, SCSI: more |
| PCI-TO-DRAM Pipeline | ? | enabled | - |
| PCI/VGA Palette Snoop | ? | disabled | "enabled" could be useful for MPEG-cards |
| PnP OS installed | no | yes | unless you want to manually assign IRQs |
| Precharge to Active (Trp) | - | - | less is faster, more is safer |
| Quick Boot / Power On Self Test | ? | enabled | simple and fast checks while booting |
| RAM Read-/Write-Burst | ? | - | leadoff timing: ca. 5 with new PCs, further access: SDRAM: 1, FPM: 3 |
| RAS# Active Time | ? | - | less is faster |
| RAS# Precharge Time | ? | - | less is faster |
| RAS# to CAS# Delay | ? | - | less is faster |
| Read Around Write | ? | enabled | - |
| Resources controlled by | ? | auto | unless you want to manually assign IRQs and DMAs |
| SDRAM Band Interleave | ? | 4-bank/way | - |
| SDRAM Cycle Length | - | - | less is faster, more is safer |
| SDRAM Precharge Control | - | enabled | - |
| Shadow Cacheable | ? | disabled (?) | additional cache for video- and system-BIOS |
| SRAM Burst R/W Cycle | ? | 2T | less is faster |
| SRAM Read | ? | 0 WS | waitstates while reading from cache, less is faster |
| SRAM Speed Option | ? | fastest | avoids waitstates while accessing cache |
| SRAM Write | ? | 0 WS | waitstates while writing to cache, less is faster |
| System BIOS Cacheable | ? | disabled (?) | enable only with very old OSes |
| System BIOS Shadow | ? | disabled (?) | enable only with very old OSes (BIOS is copied to RAM) |
| System Boot Up CPU Speed | ? | high | - |
| System Boot Up Sequence | A,C | C,A | "A" first if floppy-booting is required |
| System ROM Shadow ... resp. Shadow Memory Regions XXXX-YYYY | disabled | disabled (?) | enable only with very old OSes (BIOS is copied to RAM at this address) |
| System Warmup Delay | ? | varying | time for periphery to initialize, as short as possible |
| Throttle Duty Cycle | ? | less | CPU usage in energy-save-mode, less saves energy |
| Typematic Rate Programming/Setting | ? | disabled | "enabled" allows alteration of the keyboard-options |
| Typematic Rate Delay | 250 | default | milliseconds |
| Typematic Rate | 30 | default | characters per second |
| USB Legacy Support | ? | disabled | enable only if usb keyboard connected |
| VGA Active Monitor | ? | disabled | "enabled" prevents sleep mode when screen-content changes |
| Video BIOS Cacheable | ? | disabled | enable only with very old OSes |
| Video BIOS Shadow | ? | disabled | enable only with very old OSes (fastens all cards with own BIOS) |
| Video RAM Cacheable | ? | disabled | enable only with very old OSes |
| Video ROM Shadow ... | ? | disabled | enable only with very old OSes (video-BIOS is copied to RAM at this address) |
| VGA Palette Snoop | ? | disabled | - |
| WC Caching | ? | enabled (?) | WC = Write Combining, with AGP I think... |
| . | memory refresh error |
| -.. | graphics error |
| ... | memory error, base 64k |
| .... | timer not operational |
| ..... | processor error |
| ....... | processor exception interrupt error |
| ........ | display memory error |
| - | memory error |
| -.. | graphics error |
| ---- | fan/cooling error |
| — | memory or graphics error |
| ......... | power error |
| .·.·.·.·.· | processor voltage or fan error |
| — (10 sec) | processor fan error |
| 1-2-2-3 | bios check error |
| 1-2-3-1 | timer error |
| 1-2-3-3 | dma controller error |
| 1-3-1-1 | memory refresh error |
| 1-3-3-1 | memory error |
| 1-4-2-1 | cmos error |